探索文学作品中为什么有这么多重要的粪便
仙人掌重视粪便及其在文学中的地位。读者和评论家长期以来忽视了排泄物在二十世纪和二十一世纪法国经典中的重要作用。安娜贝尔·L·金（Annabel L.Kim）对通过净化抽象来看待这部文学的倾向提出了严峻的挑战，她对主要作者进行了仔细阅读，认为粪便是一个极端平等的人物，既是一个文学对象，也是对文学本身的一种反思，没有粪便，文学研究就会一贫如洗。
在塞琳、贝克特、吉内特、萨特、杜拉斯和加里以及当代作家安妮·加勒塔和丹尼尔·彭纳克的作品中，金展示了大便，在现代早期之后，大便远远没有从正典中消失，在随后的法国现当代文学中仍然存在。她认为，正典中所有的大便都表达了对文学民主化的呼吁，让文学为所有人服务，就像大便为所有人（或所有人）服务一样。她关注它在法国身份这一珍贵元素中的存在，将其视为一种不断表达的愿望，以体现法国渴望的普遍性，这一愿望被口号“自由、自由、博爱”所概括，但未能实现。在《大便》中有一种具体的普遍主义，它横穿身体，无视具体的差异。
仙人掌提醒我们，文学，以及其中的思想，都离不开创造和接受它们的物质外壳。通过这样做，它揭示了大便的美学、政治和伦理潜力，以及它改变文学和生活的能力。
Cacaphonies: The Excremental Canon of French Literature
Exploring why there is so much fecal matter in literary works that matter
Cacaphonies takes fecal matter and its place in literature seriously. Readers and critics have too long overlooked excrement’s vital role in the twentieth- and twenty-first-century French canon. In a stark challenge to the tendency to view this literature through sanitizing abstractions, Annabel L. Kim undertakes close readings of key authors to argue for feces as a figure of radical equality, both a literary object and a reflection on literature itself, without which literary studies is impoverished and sterile.
Following the fecal through line in works by Céline, Beckett, Genet, Sartre, Duras, and Gary and the contemporary authors Anne Garréta and Daniel Pennac, Kim shows that shit, far from vanishing from the canon after the early modern period, remains present in the modern and contemporary French literature that follows. She argues that all the shit in the canon expresses a call to democratize literature, making literature for all, just as shit is for (or of) all. She attends to its presence in this prized element of French identity, treating it as a continually uttered desire to manifest the universality France aspires to—as encapsulated by the slogan Liberté, égalité, fraternité—but fails to realize. In shit there is a concrete universalism that traverses bodies with disregard for embodied differences.
Cacaphonies reminds us that literature, and the ideas to be found therein, cannot be separated from the corporeal envelopes that create and receive them. In so doing, it reveals the aesthetic, political, and ethical potential of shit and its capacity to transform literature and life.
OR
