19世纪30年代，乔克托民族在今天的俄克拉荷马州的印度领土上被迫重新定居时，被奴役的黑人加入了这个部落。自17世纪20年代以来，这个部落一直拥有被奴役的黑人。到内战前夕，乔克托国家14%的人口是被奴役的黑人。作为美国南部邦联的狂热支持者，美国通过了一项法案，要求居住在其领土上的所有白人宣誓效忠南部邦联，并认为对其或其军队的任何批评都是叛国行为，可处以死刑。乔克塔斯还组建了一支步兵部队和一支骑兵部队，与邦联部队并肩作战。
在《乔克托邦联》中，费伊·A·亚布罗透露，虽然主权和州权利对乔克托领导人至关重要，但奴隶制的存在也决定了美国对邦联的支持。Yarbrough研究了乔克托士兵的经历，并指出，尽管他们的热情随着战争的持续而减弱，但服兵役使他们能够接受传统的男性角色，这些角色在不断变化的政治和经济环境中正在消失。通过在乔克托民族和邦联各州之间进行对比，亚布罗超越了联邦和邦联的传统二元关系，重新考虑了原住民与奴隶制之间的历史关系。
Choctaw Confederates : The American Civil War in Indian Country (True PDF)
When the Choctaw Nation was forcibly resettled in Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma in the 1830s, it was joined by enslaved Black people—the tribe had owned enslaved Blacks since the 1720s. By the eve of the Civil War, 14 percent of the Choctaw Nation consisted of enslaved Blacks. Avid supporters of the Confederate States of America, the Nation passed a measure requiring all whites living in its territory to swear allegiance to the Confederacy and deemed any criticism of it or its army treasonous and punishable by death. Choctaws also raised an infantry force and a cavalry to fight alongside Confederate forces.
In Choctaw Confederates, Fay A. Yarbrough reveals that, while sovereignty and states’ rights mattered to Choctaw leaders, the survival of slavery also determined the Nation’s support of the Confederacy. Mining service records for approximately 3,000 members of the First Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles, Yarbrough examines the experiences of Choctaw soldiers and notes that although their enthusiasm waned as the war persisted, military service allowed them to embrace traditional masculine roles that were disappearing in a changing political and economic landscape. By drawing parallels between the Choctaw Nation and the Confederate states, Yarbrough looks beyond the traditional binary of the Union and Confederacy and reconsiders the historical relationship between Native populations and slavery.
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