本书描述了液体分散系统中纳米材料的表征和检测的不同方面，如悬浮液、乳液和悬浮乳液。天然和工业颗粒纳米材料（NMs）通常存在于由多个分散相和复杂分散介质组成的配方和产品中。必须考虑颗粒的特定界面性质、它们之间以及与分散介质的相互作用。例如，界面性质决定了颗粒是倾向于排列在水相还是脂相中，还是排列在其相边界处。界面性质受溶解物质吸附的显著影响，即它们取决于分散介质的组成。这对这些纳米颗粒系统的表征提出了巨大的挑战，需要适当的制备方法。
纳米颗粒测量技术旨在深入理解纳米颗粒体系的分散状态。由于纳米颗粒系统在应用中的分散状态通常与其原始制造工艺不一致，因此新的或改进的产品性能的配方具有决定性的重要性。复杂配方或基质中纳米颗粒的表征需要基于现有或有待开发的标准操作程序（SOP）进行充分的样品制备。标准操作规程的结构包括分散规则，这对于比较纳米颗粒测量的可再现性结果在全球范围内的可比性和可转移性至关重要。目的是利用相互关系的知识分离和隔离相关NMs。
Characterization of Nanomaterials in Liquid Disperse Systems
This book describes different aspects of characterization and detection of nanomaterials in liquid disperse systems, such as suspensions, emulsions and suspoemulsions. Natural and technical particulate nanomaterials (NMs) are often present in formulations and products consisting of several disperse phases and complex dispersion media. Specific interfacial properties of the particles, their interactions with each other and with the dispersion medium, have to be considered. For example, the interfacial properties determine whether the particles tend to be arranged in aqueous or lipid phases or at their phase boundaries. The interfacial properties are significantly influenced by the adsorption of dissolved species, i.e., they depend on the composition of the dispersion medium. This poses great challenges for the characterization of these nanoparticle systems and requires adequate preparation methods.
The nanoparticle measurement techniques aim at a deep physico-chemical understanding of the dispersity state of nanoparticle systems. Since the dispersity state of nanoparticle systems in an application usually does not correspond to their original manufacturing process, the formulation of new or improved product properties is of decisive importance. The characterization of nanoparticles in complex formulations or matrices requires an adequate sample preparation based on an existing or yet to be developed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The structure of the SOPs includes the dispersion regulations, which are of essential importance for comparing reproducible results of nanoparticle measurement with respect to comparability and transferability worldwide. The aim is to separate and isolate relevant NMs with knowledge of the interrelationships.
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