自20世纪80年代末以来，法国和美国的福利政策越来越受到公民工作和独立义务的强烈强调，以及收入维持权利的削弱的影响。在发达工业化国家，福利改革包括以工作为导向的措施，如经济激励、插入合同、培训以及寻找和接受工作的要求。这本书中的证据表明，尽管细节可能有所不同，但法国和美国的福利改革有着更多的共同点，而这一点往往不为人们所承认。福利改革深入分析了现代福利项目的发展和结构，以及它们是如何运作的。福利改革的动态通过关注两个项目来说明：法国的最低收入和美国的贫困家庭临时援助。通过各种分析方法，撰稿人研究了贫困与工作之间的关系，美国和法国的收入支持模式近年来如何转变，经济增长和政策改革对福利参与率的相对影响，以及离开福利名册的接受者会发生什么。福利改革将有助于研究人员和政策制定者在福利改革的道路上了解自己的方向，以及如何最好地实现这一目标。Neil Gilbert是加州大学伯克利分校社会福利学院社会福利教授切尔宁，儿童与青少年政策中心主任。他的众多出版物包括25本书和100多篇文章，发表在《公共利益》、《社会》、《评论》和其他主要学术期刊上。安托万的父母是巴黎大学经济学副教授8，巴黎大学马蒂斯副研究员，索邦大学1，以及法国社会事务部研究部的研究项目经理。
Welfare Reform: A Comparative Assessment of the French and U. S. Experiences
Since the late 1980s welfare policies in France and the United States have increasingly been shaped by a strong emphasis on citizens’ obligations to work and be independent, and a weakening of entitlements to income maintenance. Throughout the advanced industrialized nations, welfare reforms incorporate work-oriented measures such as financial incentives, insertion contracts, training, and requirements to search for and accept jobs. The evidence in this volume suggests that while the details may vary, welfare reforms in France and the United States have more in common than is often acknowledged. Welfare Reform provides an in-depth analysis of the development and structure of modern welfare programs and how they function. The dynamics of welfare reform are illuminated by focusing on two programs: the Revenu Minimum d’Insertion in France and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families in the United States. Taking various analytic approaches, contributors examine the relations between poverty and work, how U.S. and French models of income support have been transformed in recent times, the relative impacts of economic growth and policy reforms on rates of welfare participation, and what happens to recipients who leave the welfare rolls. Welfare Reform will help researchers and policymakers gain perspective on where they are headed and how best to get there as they journey down the highway of welfare reform. Neil Gilbert is Chernin Professor of Social Welfare at the School of Social Welfare, University of California at Berkeley, and co-director of the Center for Child and Youth Policy (CCYP). His numerous publications include 25 books and over 100 articles that have appeared in The Public Interest, Society, Commentary, and other leading academic journals. Antoine Parent is associate professor of economics at the University of Paris 8, associate researcher at MATISSE, University of Paris 1–Sorbonne, and research program manager at the Research Division of the French Ministry of Social Affairs.
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