关于第一印象的科学故事，以及为什么我们从脸上做出快速的角色判断是不可抗拒的，但通常是不正确的
我们在看到别人的脸几秒钟后就下定决心，这些仓促的判断可以预测各种重要的决定。例如，看起来更有能力的政客更有可能赢得选举。然而，我们从脸上做出的性格判断既不准确，又不可抗拒；在大多数情况下，如果我们忽略人脸，我们会猜得更准确。那么，我们为什么要对这些广泛分享的印象如此重视呢？如果他们完全不可靠，他们的目的是什么？在这本书中，亚历山大·托多罗夫（Alexander Todorov）是这一领域的世界顶尖研究者之一，他在讲述关于第一印象的现代科学的故事时回答了这些问题。
这本书以心理学、认知科学、神经科学、计算机科学和其他领域为基础，描述了前沿研究，并将其置于从面部解读个性的历史背景中。托多罗夫描述了我们是如何通过一个专门处理人脸的大脑区域网络，从人脸上读取基本社会信号和瞬时情绪状态的。然而，与19世纪面相学的伪科学，甚至与今天的一些心理学家相反，面孔并不能为我们提供一张他人性格的地图。相反，我们从脸上画出的印象揭示了我们自己的偏见和刻板印象。
关于第一印象的一个引人入胜的科学解释，面子价值解释了为什么我们如此关注面子，为什么它们会让我们误入歧途，以及我们的判断实际上告诉了我们什么。
Face Value: The Irresistible Influence of First Impressions
The scientific story of first impressions—and why the snap character judgments we make from faces are irresistible but usually incorrect
We make up our minds about others after seeing their faces for a fraction of a second—and these snap judgments predict all kinds of important decisions. For example, politicians who simply look more competent are more likely to win elections. Yet the character judgments we make from faces are as inaccurate as they are irresistible; in most situations, we would guess more accurately if we ignored faces. So why do we put so much stock in these widely shared impressions? What is their purpose if they are completely unreliable? In this book, Alexander Todorov, one of the world’s leading researchers on the subject, answers these questions as he tells the story of the modern science of first impressions.
Drawing on psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, computer science, and other fields, this accessible and richly illustrated book describes cutting-edge research and puts it in the context of the history of efforts to read personality from faces. Todorov describes how we have evolved the ability to read basic social signals and momentary emotional states from faces, using a network of brain regions dedicated to the processing of faces. Yet contrary to the nineteenth-century pseudoscience of physiognomy and even some of today’s psychologists, faces don’t provide us a map to the personalities of others. Rather, the impressions we draw from faces reveal a map of our own biases and stereotypes.
A fascinating scientific account of first impressions, Face Value explains why we pay so much attention to faces, why they lead us astray, and what our judgments actually tell us.
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