前现代社会和传统社会的市场和交易

在最近的历史研究中，市场作为古代社会经济互动的重要领域出现。以古埃及为例，传统模式设想了一种无所不包的中央集权官僚经济，几乎没有市场交易的空间，因为许多现存的文件只描述了皇宫和大型机构（主要是寺庙）的活动。然而，资料中零散的引用表明，市场和贸易商是古埃及经济生活中的关键角色。
从“有组织的、有价值的、有组织的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有组织的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有组织的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的、有价值的。此外，它还打算整合关于交易和交易所的社会组织以及市场所采取的不同形式的不同观点，从交易所按照仪式化程序和惯例运作的会议场所，到营利活动相对于其他强调相反，社区合作。这本书还讨论了前现代交换的社会形式，在没有正式法律法规或远距离公认的权威（贸易移民、行会等）的情况下，信任和民族团结保证了商业运作的有效性。最后，本书分析了小规模贸易和市场的一个关键方面，例如农业家庭生产的商业化及其对农民经济战略的影响。
总之，这本书涵盖了各种各样的主题，经济社会学、考古学、人类学、经济学和历史学领域的最新研究证明了这些主题的价值，以便从更广阔的角度分析埃及贸易的作用，并为埃及学和社会科学之间的比较研究、理论反思和对话提供新的场所。
Markets and Exchanges in Pre-Modern and Traditional Societies
Markets emerge in recent historical research as important spheres of economic interaction in ancient societies. In the case of ancient Egypt, traditional models imagined an all-encompassing centralized, bureaucratic economy that left practically no place for market transactions, as many surviving documents only described the activities of the royal palace and of huge institutions, mainly temples. Yet scattered references in the sources reveal that markets and traders were crucial actors in the economic life of ancient Egypt.
In this perspective, this volume aims to discuss the role of markets, traders and economic interaction (not necessarily organized through markets) and the use of “money” (metals, valuable commodities) in pre-modern societies, based on archaeological, anthropological, and historical evidence. Furthermore, it intends to integrate different perspectives about the social organization of transactions and exchanges and the different forms taken by markets, from meeting places where exchanges operated under ritualized procedures and conventions, to markets in which profit-seeking activities were marginal in respect with other practices that stressed, on the contrary, community collaboration. The book also deals with social forms of pre-modern exchanges in which trust and ethnic solidarity guaranteed the validity of commercial operations in the absence of formal codes of laws or accepted authorities over long distances (trade diasporas, guilds, etc.). Finally, the volume analyzes a critical aspect of small-scale trade and markets, such as the commercialization of agricultural household production and its impact on the peasant economic strategies.
In all, the book covers a diversity of topics in which recent research in the fields of economic sociology, archaeology, anthropology, economics, and history proves invaluable in order to analyze the role of Egyptian trade in a broader perspective, as well as to suggest new venues of comparative research, theoretical reflection, and dialogue between Egyptology and social sciences.

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