里约热内卢最大贫民窟的迷人民族志，那里的居民在多种形式压迫的背景下阐述自己的自由政治。
规范自由主义促进了特权主体的自由，这些主体有权享有权利，通常是白人、成年人、非规范人士和资产阶级，而牺牲了边缘化群体，如黑人、儿童、LGBTQ人和贫民窟居民。在巴西里约热内卢最大的贫民区罗辛哈的这本发自内心的民族志中，莫伊斯·利诺·席尔瓦探讨了当自由主义受到人们的挑战时会发生什么，这些人的生活受到对自由的规范性理解的损害。他将这种被边缘化的自由愿景称为“少数民族自由主义”，这个概念代表着重叠的、替代的自由模式，无论是同性恋、贫民窟还是农民。
利诺·e·席尔瓦向读者介绍了贫民区居民的广泛群体，其中最亲密的是与娜塔莎·凯勒姆（Natasha Kellem）相伴的人，她是一位极具魅力的自称为travesti的人（拉丁美洲的一个术语，用来指代与出生时所分配的性别相反的女性性别结构的特定形式）。虽然作者遇到的许多人认为自己是“同性恋”，但其他人被视为“变态”，仅仅因为他们住在贫民窟。通过这些相互关联的经历，利诺·e·席尔瓦不仅突破了人类学研究的界限，还为那些在资本主义剥削、恐惧症、种族主义和其他统治模式的背景下寻求自由的人提供了非规范性自由之路的人种学证据。
Minoritarian Liberalism: A Travesti Life in a Brazilian Favela
A mesmerizing ethnography of the largest favela in Rio, where residents articulate their own politics of freedom against the backdrop of multiple forms of oppression.
Normative liberalism has promoted the freedom of privileged subjects, those entitled to rights—usually white, adult, heteronormative, and bourgeois—at the expense of marginalized groups, such as Black people, children, LGBTQ people, and slum dwellers. In this visceral ethnography of Rocinha, the largest favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Moisés Lino e Silva explores what happens when liberalism is challenged by people whose lives are impaired by normative understandings of liberty. He calls such marginalized visions of freedom “minoritarian liberalism,” a concept that stands in for overlapping, alternative modes of freedom—be they queer, favela, or peasant.
Lino e Silva introduces readers to a broad collective of favela residents, most intimately accompanying Natasha Kellem, a charismatic self-declared travesti (a term used in Latin America to indicate a specific form of female gender construction opposite to the sex assigned at birth). While many of those the author meets consider themselves “queer,” others are treated as “abnormal” simply because they live in favelas. Through these interconnected experiences, Lino e Silva not only pushes at the boundaries of anthropological inquiry, but also offers ethnographic evidence of non-normative routes to freedom for those seeking liberties against the backdrop of capitalist exploitation, transphobia, racism, and other patterns of domination.
OR
