一位著名的心理学家提出了一个关于人类认知的新理论：思维的基础是运动，而不是语言
当我们试图思考我们是如何思考的时候，我们忍不住会想到语言。的确，有些人把语言称为思想的东西。但是图片比文字更容易记住，描述面孔、场景和事件是无法用文字表达的。每当你走捷径、下棋、打篮球或在脑海中重新布置家具时，你都做了一件了不起的事情：没有文字的抽象思维。
心理学家芭芭拉·特沃斯基（Barbara Tversky）在《运动中的心灵》（Mind In Motion）一书中指出，空间认知不仅是思维的一个外围方面，也是它的基础，使我们能够从我们的身体及其在世界上的行为中得出意义。我们在真实空间中的行为会转化为思想上的心理行为，通常会以手势的形式从我们的身体自发地喷射出来。空间思维是创建和使用地图、组装家具、设计足球策略、设计机场、了解人流、交通、水流和想法的基础。空间思维甚至构成了语言的结构和意义的基础：为什么我们说我们推动思想前进或将其撕裂，为什么我们感觉自己在成长或已经变得相去甚远。
就像思维一样，运动中的思维给了我们一种新的方式来思考思维是如何发生的，在哪里发生的。
Mind in Motion: How Action Shapes Thought (AZW3)
An eminent psychologist offers a major new theory of human cognition: movement, not language, is the foundation of thought
When we try to think about how we think, we can’t help but think of words. Indeed, some have called language the stuff of thought. But pictures are remembered far better than words, and describing faces, scenes, and events defies words. Anytime you take a shortcut or play chess or basketball or rearrange your furniture in your mind, you’ve done something remarkable: abstract thinking without words.
In Mind in Motion, psychologist Barbara Tversky shows that spatial cognition isn’t just a peripheral aspect of thought, but its very foundation, enabling us to draw meaning from our bodies and their actions in the world. Our actions in real space get turned into mental actions on thought, often spouting spontaneously from our bodies as gestures. Spatial thinking underlies creating and using maps, assembling furniture, devising football strategies, designing airports, understanding the flow of people, traffic, water, and ideas. Spatial thinking even underlies the structure and meaning of language: why we say we push ideas forward or tear them apart, why we’re feeling up or have grown far apart.
Like Thinking, Fast and Slow before it, Mind in Motion gives us a new way to think about how–and where–thinking takes place.
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