《汇聚食人族：大西洋非洲的奴隶恐惧》，1509-1670年

贾里德·史泰勒（Jared Staller）在《食人族》一书中证明，在跨大西洋奴役食人时代，最可怕的话语之一是由欧洲人和非洲人共同创作的。当这些来自截然不同文化的人第一次接触时，他们都害怕潜在的食人族。一些非洲人和欧洲奴隶主允许这些关于他们自己是食人者的谣言不受质疑。使用食人的视觉和语言习惯，安哥拉的伊班加拉这样的人通过体现恐怖本身，在残酷的世界中崛起。
从16世纪的Kongo开始，史泰勒编织了一个细致入微的故事，讲述了那些选择以“贾加”的身份生活和行为的人，即所谓的食人族和恐怖分子，他们以袭击和奴役他人为生，最终以王后Njinga披上“贾加”的外衣建立自己的权力时的暴力政治阴谋告终。最后，史泰勒讲述了非洲人以食人者的身份面对未知世界的故事，他们如何利用这个概念来秩序化他们周围的世界，以及他们自己是如何被一个商业奴隶世界所秩序化的，这个世界在它所消费的人类生活中同样是食人的。
Converging on Cannibals: Terrors of Slaving in Atlantic Africa, 1509–1670
In Converging on Cannibals, Jared Staller demonstrates that one of the most terrifying discourses used during the era of transatlantic slaving—cannibalism—was coproduced by Europeans and Africans. When these people from vastly different cultures first came into contact, they shared a fear of potential cannibals. Some Africans and European slavers allowed these rumors of themselves as man-eaters to stand unchallenged. Using the visual and verbal idioms of cannibalism, people like the Imbangala of Angola rose to power in a brutal world by embodying terror itself.
Beginning in the Kongo in the 1500s, Staller weaves a nuanced narrative of people who chose to live and behave as “jaga,” alleged cannibals and terrorists who lived by raiding and enslaving others, culminating in the violent political machinations of Queen Njinga as she took on the mantle of “Jaga” to establish her power. Ultimately, Staller tells the story of Africans who confronted worlds unknown as cannibals, how they used the concept to order the world around them, and how they were themselves brought to order by a world of commercial slaving that was equally cannibalistic in the human lives it consumed.

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