系列：普林斯顿传统图书馆，1076
这是19世纪上半叶俄罗斯军队中第一部关于普通士兵的社会史——对士兵作为一个社会阶层和军队作为一个社会机构的考察。Elise Wirtschafter全面介绍了19世纪中期伟大改革前夕俄罗斯社会最重要的群体之一，为我们理解俄罗斯复杂的社会结构做出了巨大贡献。这项工作基于对以前未使用过的苏联档案的广泛研究，涵盖了与军队日常生活有关的广泛主题，包括征兵、晋升和社会流动、家庭状况、训练、团经济、军事司法以及士兵和军官之间的关系。作者强调了军队中的社会关系和行为规范，但她也谈到了社会与专制的关系这一更大的问题，包括沙皇国家对军事效率的需求与维护无限家长式权威的传统规范之间持续存在的紧张关系。通过考察军事生活对士兵的影响，她分析了沙皇社会政策的两个主要问题：如何调动社会资源以满足国家需求，以及如何在不干扰建立在农奴制基础上的社会安排的情况下促进现代化（在本例中是军事效率）。
From Serf to Russian Soldier
Series: Princeton Legacy Library, 1076
Here is the first social history devoted to the common soldier in the Russian army during the first half of the 19th-century–an examination of soldiers as a social class and the army as a social institution. By providing a comprehensive view of one of the most important groups in Russian society on the eve of the great reforms of the mid-1800s, Elise Wirtschafter contributes greatly to our understanding of Russia’s complex social structure. Based on extensive research in previously unused Soviet archives, this work covers a wide array of topics relating to daily life in the army, including conscription, promotion and social mobility, family status, training, the regimental economy, military justice, and relations between soldiers and officers. The author emphasizes social relations and norms of behavior in the army, but she also addresses the larger issue of society’s relationship to the autocracy, including the persistent tension between the tsarist state’s need for military efficiency and its countervailing need to uphold the traditional norms of unlimited paternalistic authority. By examining military life in terms of its impact on soldiers, she analyzes two major concerns of tsarist social policy: how to mobilize society’s resources to meet state needs and how to promote modernization (in this case military efficiency) without disturbing social arrangements founded on serfdom.
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