贵格会教徒是入侵北美东北部的早期定居者殖民团体之一。威廉·潘(William Penn)开始在现在的宾夕法尼亚州(Pennsylvania)开发一个“神圣实验”,即乌托邦殖民地。他认为,在这里,他的定居者殖民者将与当地的Lenape和其他定居者殖民者和谐相处。
围绕贵格会殖民者和Lenape人之间的关系,《寻找正确的关系》探索了贵格会作为平等主义者、和平主义者和定居者殖民者的矛盾立场。这本书探讨了17世纪中期至19世纪末贵格会信仰面临的主要挑战,以及由此产生的与美洲印第安人的关系。它表明,贵格会教徒不仅未能阻止定居者对美洲印第安人的殖民暴力,而且还使之永久化。它提供了法国和印度战争、康内斯托加印第安人大屠杀和美国印第安寄宿学校等历史例子,以探索殖民主义的力量,甚至腐败那些信仰体系植根于社会正义的殖民者。
虽然这一事实与贵格会教徒作为和平主义者和有社会意识、有正义感的人的身份不符,但作者们指出,面对这些事实如何为恢复过去的伤害提供了前进的道路。这本书提供了一条通往真理的道路,这对治愈过程至关重要。
Finding Right Relations : Quakers, Native Americans, and Settler Colonialism
Quakers were one of the early settler colonist groups to invade northeastern North America. William Penn set out to develop a “Holy Experiment,” or utopian colony, in what is now Pennsylvania. Here, he thought, his settler colonists would live in harmony with the Indigenous Lenape and other settler colonists.
Centering on the relationship between Quaker colonists and the Lenape people, Finding Right Relations explores the contradictory position of the Quakers as both egalitarian, pacifist people, and as settler colonists. This book explores major challenges to Quaker beliefs and resulting relations with American Indians from the mid-seventeenth century to the late nineteenth century. It shows how the Quakers not only failed to prevent settler colonial violence against American Indians but also perpetuated it. It provides historical examples such as the French and Indian War, the massacre of the Conestoga Indians, and the American Indian boarding schools to explore the power of colonialism to corrupt even those colonists with a belief system rooted in social justice.
While this truth rubs against Quaker identity as pacifists and socially conscious, justice-minded people, the authors address how facing these truths provide ways forward for achieving restitution for the harms of the past. This book offers a path to truth telling that is essential to the healing process.
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