在上个世纪，社会反政治层面在我们对医疗实践的理解中占据了重要地位；很少有人会试图仅从生物学的角度来解释医学的发展。从十月革命的头几天起，布尔什维克就宣布苏联医学将拒绝资本主义西方以病人为中心的个人主义做法，转而满足无产阶级的医疗需求。然而，在沙皇时期，在国家支持下的俄罗斯医学改革已经开始。
这里收录的十篇原创文章都是基于初步研究，主要关注帝国晚期和苏联早期俄罗斯公共卫生和医疗改革的社会和政治方面。所涵盖的主题包括：俄罗斯帝国晚期对精神病学理论和实践的社会影响、沙皇政权对城市卖淫的监管、沙皇和早期苏联为对现代医学产生严重怀疑的农民提供医疗保健的努力、苏联优生学实验，以及医疗保险和工业卫生管理。这本书一方面揭示了苏联政权在革命社会中对医疗保健创新方法的广度和承诺，另一方面也揭示了改革努力所遇到的一系列巨大障碍——体制竞争、经济资源匮乏、医疗行业根深蒂固的利益，以及相互冲突的政治优先事项。
这是学习苏联社会史、医学史和公共卫生史的学生的重要资源。《革命俄罗斯的健康与社会》在苏联当前的医疗危机之后也会引起读者的兴趣。
Health and Society in Revolutionary Russia
For the last century social anti political dimensions have figured prominently in our understanding of medical practices; few would attempt to account for developments in medicine by reference to biology alone. From the first days of the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks declared that Soviet medicine would reject the individualistic, patient-centered practices of the capitalist West and would respond instead to the medical needs of the proletariat. Yet, reform of Russian medicine under state auspices had already begun in the tsarist period.
The ten original essays included here, all based on primary research, focus on the social and political aspects of public health and medical reform in late Imperial and early Soviet Russia. Among topics covered are social influences on psychiatrie theory and practice in late Imperial Russia, the regulation of urban prostitution by the tsarist regime, tsarist and early Soviet efforts at providing health care to peasants deeply suspicious of modern medicine, Soviet experiments in eugenics, and the administration of health insurance and industrial hygiene. The book reveals, on the one hand, the breadth and commitment of the Soviet regime to innovative approaches to health care in a revolutionary society and, on the other, the formidable array of obstacles encountered by the reform effort—institutional rivalries, scarcity of economic resources, the entrenched interests of the medical profession, and conflicting political priorities.
An important resource for students of Soviet social history and the history of medicine and public health. Health and Society> in Revolutionary Russia will also interest readers following the current crisis of health care in the Soviet Union.
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