几十年来，动画片的历史一直被沃尔特·迪士尼的成就所主导，给人的印象是他发明了这种媒介。实际上，这是几位先驱的作品。马克斯·弗莱舍（Max Fleischer）是一位最杰出的发明者，他发明了一种在实景画面上逐帧追踪动画的旋转镜技术。到了20世纪30年代，弗莱舍和迪士尼是动画电影的主要制片人，但采取了相反的做法。
迪士尼反映了中西部的多愁善感，弗莱舍表现了一种复杂的城市态度，带有德国表现主义和有机发展的元素。与迪士尼的自然主义动画不同，弗莱舍的动画违反了物理定律，支持了他的格言：“如果能在现实生活中完成，那就不是动画。”因此，弗莱舍的漫画粗糙而非精致，商业而非有意识的艺术——但通过弗莱舍的创新获得了独特的艺术性。
这本书涵盖了他的生活和工作，以及以他的名字命名的工作室的历史，以及之前未出版的艺术品和照片。
The Art and Inventions of Max Fleischer: American Animation Pioneer (True PDF)
The history of animated cartoons has for decades been dominated by the accomplishments of Walt Disney, giving the impression that he invented the medium. In reality, it was the work of several pioneers. Max Fleischer–inventor of the Rotoscope technique of tracing animation frame by frame over live-action footage–was one of the most prominent. By the 1930s, Fleischer and Disney were the leading producers of animated films but took opposite approaches.
Where Disney reflected a Midwestern sentimentality, Fleischer presented a sophisticated urban attitude with elements of German Expressionism and organic progression. In contrast to Disney’s naturalistic animation, Fleischer’s violated physical laws, supporting his maxim: “If it can be done in real life, it isn’t animation.” As a result, Fleischer’s cartoons were rough rather than refined, commercial rather than consciously artistic–yet attained a distinctive artistry through Fleischer’s innovations.
This book covers his life and work and the history of the studio that bore his name, with previously unpublished artwork and photographs.
OR
