对政治世俗化倡导者是如何在历史上出现的，以及为什么他们在某些情况下成功，而在其他情况下却没有成功，进行了独创的理论和细致的分析。
为什么有些国家采用世俗制度，而另一些国家则不采用？在《世俗制度的起源》一书中，Zeynep Bulutgil提出了一种理论，将概念和组织机制结合起来，解释制度世俗化是如何发生的。她首先关注具有世俗化议程的政治团体为何出现。她的观点是，启蒙文学在精英中的传播以及精英之间交流思想的协会是影响世俗化政治运动早期出现的主要因素。然后，她转向这些运动成功的条件。世俗化的政治团体在招募基层支持方面处于相对劣势，因为与宗教行动者不同，他们无法依赖现有的制度结构。如果他们有时间在宗教政治运动出现之前建立一个强大的组织，他们就有可能克服这一障碍。Bulutgil通过将原始历史数据的统计分析与欧洲（法国、西班牙、英国）和中东/北非（土耳其、摩洛哥和突尼斯）国家的比较分析相结合，支持这些观点。这本书权威地解释了为什么政治世俗化发生在一些国家而不是其他国家，它将重塑我们对一个在两个多世纪里具有无与伦比重要性的问题的理解：现代性对政治的影响。
The Origins of Secular Institutions: Ideas, Timing, and Organization
An original theory and meticulous analysis of how advocates of political secularization emerged historically and why they succeeded in some contexts but not others.
Why do some countries adopt secular institutions while others do not? In The Origins of Secular Institutions, Zeynep Bulutgil develops a theory that combines ideational and organizational mechanisms to explain how institutional secularization occurs. She first focuses on why political groups with a secularizing agenda emerge. Her argument is that the circulation of Enlightenment literature among the elite and associations through which the elite could exchange ideas were the main factors that influenced the early emergence of secularizing political movements. She then turns to the conditions under which these movements succeed. Secularizing political groups are at a comparative disadvantage when it comes to recruiting grassroots support because, unlike religious actors, they cannot rely on a pre-existing institutional structure. They become likely to overcome this obstacle if they have time to build a robust organization before religious political movements emerge. Bulutgil supports these arguments by combining statistical analysis of original historical data with comparative analysis of countries in Europe (France, Spain, The United Kingdom) and the Middle East/North Africa (Turkey, Morocco, and Tunisia). An authoritative explanation of why political secularization occurred in some countries but not others, this book will reshape our understanding of an issue of unsurpassed importance for over two centuries: the effects of modernity on politics.
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