这本书分析了核电站的风险。解释了反应堆的安全概念。讨论了严重事故、堆芯熔化事故和飞机可能坠毁在反应堆安全壳上后防止放射性扩散的措施。本书涵盖轻水反应堆安全概念的三个科学主题：第一部分描述了运行德国压水反应堆和沸水反应堆的基本安全设计概念，包括三里岛和切尔诺贝利反应堆事故后引入的事故管理措施。这些安全概念还与福岛事故的经验进行了比较。此外，还介绍了未来现代欧洲压水堆（EPR）和未来现代沸水堆SWR-1000（KERENA）的安全设计概念。这些都是基于过去几十年新的安全研究成果第二部分分析了军用或重型商用飞机在反应堆安全壳上可能坠毁的情况。研究表明，反应堆安全壳的设计可以抵抗这样的飞机坠毁第三部分介绍了一个在线决策系统。它允许分析严重反应堆事故后大气和环境中的放射性分布。它为当局将辐射生物效应降至最低限度的决策提供了数据。这本书吸引了对拯救生活条件感兴趣并对物理学或工程学有所了解的读者。
The Risks of Nuclear Energy Technology: Safety Concepts of Light Water Reactors
The book analyses the risks of nuclear power stations. The security concept of reactors is explained. Measures against the spread of radioactivity after a severe accident, accidents of core melting and a possible crash of an air plane on reactor containment are discussed. The book covers three scientific subjects of the safety concepts of Light Water Reactors: – A first part describes the basic safety design concepts of operating German Pressurized Water Reactors and Boiling Water Reactors including accident management measures introduced after the reactor accidents of Three Mile Island and Chernobyl. These safety concepts are also compared with the experiences of the Fukushima accidents. In addition, the safety design concepts of the future modern European Pressurized Water Reactor (EPR) and of the future modern Boiling Water Reactor SWR-1000 (KERENA) are presented. These are based on new safety research results of the past decades. – In a second, part the possible crash of military or heavy commercial air planes on reactor containment is analyzed. It is shown that reactor containments can be designed to resist to such an airplane crash. – In a third part, an online decision system is presented. It allows to analyze the distribution of radioactivity in the atmosphere and to the environment after a severe reactor accident. It provides data for decisions to be taken by authorities for the minimization of radiobiological effects to the population. This book appeals to readers who have an interest in save living conditions and some understanding for physics or engineering.
OR
