人间欢乐花园：鹿园的历史

这是一篇关于鹿公园的高度原创、大量插图和经过充分研究的报道。弗莱彻谦逊而尊重地谈到了考古学家和历史学家经常犯的错误，他对长期以来的理论提出了质疑，同时利用他毕生与鹿打交道的经历，提出了合理的解释，例如，为什么鹿直到20世纪才被驯化，公园是如何从哈加和埃尔里克演变而来的，为什么鹿公园在整个欧亚大陆被创建，为什么休耕这么快就把马鹿赶出了中世纪的英国公园，等等。
他从黑猩猩之间分享肉类，到鹿肉作为狩猎精英产品的象征意义，在英国皇家搜查令颁布后的七个世纪内，通过长达300年的禁止在英国境内出售鹿肉，以及在美国境内出售狩猎鹿肉的持续非法性，贵族对公园破坏的追求，以及《黑人法案》的实施，都有着广泛的影响。他强调了统治者狩猎的跨文化重要性，将古代中国公园、巨大的亚洲环形狩猎和德国的水上狩猎比作人类遏制鹿的冲动的表达。
一千年来，英国拥有比世界上任何其他地方都多的鹿园，他描述了鹿是如何被喂养、运输、圈养、捕获、阉割和圈养的，以及它们是如何在公园的范围内被猎杀的。本文探讨了中世纪苏格兰使用壕沟处理鹿的最新理论。讨论了白鹿、领鹿和圈养鹿的国际象征意义。最近，公园为英国的狩猎和苏格兰的体育产业提供了鹿；现在我们认识到它们的生态和娱乐价值。我们了解到，公园可能是我们的精神家园——我们最满意的环境——公园一直都是以时尚的方式设计的景观。
目录
1.切肉：超越深厚的历史——猿的操控性狡猾
2.深厚的历史和狩猎的重要性
3.我们的自然栖息地：林间空地、小树林和公园
4.Elricks和kites，hayes和ha-ha’s
5.天堂和古典狩猎公园
6.伊甸园之东：中国公园与天子
7.世外桃源和游牧民族
8.中世纪高级花卉：休闲鹿是如何从天堂花园来到英国的，装饰性景观的阿拉伯起源，以及调情
9.美丽而温顺：我们为什么选择休耕
10.公园里猎鹿的方式：驱赶和性交
11.Noli me tangere–天堂里的私人空间
争论中的公园：森林法、公园破坏和偷猎
13.帕克的职责：佩尔斯、索尔特和战壕、浏览、润滑和围栏
14.装饰：实用的对立面，地位的同床异梦——都铎公园及其他
15.修复和景观：从灰烬到大道；炼狱天堂
16.黑人法案：驱逐出天堂——超越苍白
17.赠送：鹿肉是炫耀性消费，是超值的礼物
18.逆势而行——用马车运送牡鹿和狩猎表演：英国和德国对遏制鹿作为运动的态度
19.鹿的城堡：从狩猎到畜牧
20.人头：奖杯、君主和独裁者
21.生态绿洲、城市肺和鹿肉农场
鹿和树的术语
Gardens of Earthly Delight: The History of Deer Parks
This is a highly original, profusely illustrated, and well researched account of deer parks. With humility and respect Fletcher touches on errors commonly made by archaeologists and historians, taking issue with long held theories while drawing on his lifetime working with deer to formulate plausible explanations as to, for example, why they were not domesticated until the 20th century, how parks evolved from haga and elricks , why deer parks were created throughout Eurasia, why fallow so rapidly ousted red deer from medieval British parks, and much more.
He ranges from meat sharing amongst chimpanzees to the symbolism of venison as the elite product of hunting, ensconced within seven centuries of the English Royal Warrant, through the 300 year long prohibition on its sale within England and the continuing illegality of selling hunted venison within the USA, the aristocratic pursuit of park breaking, and the imposition of the Black Act. He stresses the cross-cultural importance of rulers being seen to hunt, compares ancient Chinese parks, the colossal Asian ring hunts, and the water hunts of Germany as expressions of man’s urge to contain deer.
Within Britain, which has for a thousand years held more deer parks than any other part of the world, he describes how deer were fed, transported, enclosed, captured, castrated and housed, and how they were hunted in the confines of parks. The recent theory as to the use of trenches for handling deer in medieval Scotland is explored. The international symbolism of white deer, collared deer and enclosed deer is discussed. Recently, parks provided deer for English carted hunts and Scottish sporting estates; now we recognise their ecological and recreational value. We learn how parklands may be our spiritual home – the environment in which we are most content – and that parks have always been, in a fashion, designed landscapes.
Table of Contents
1. Carving out the meat: beyond deep history – the manipulative cunning of apes
2. Deep history and why hunting matters
3. Our natural habitat: glades, groves and parkland
4. Elricks and kites, hayes and ha-ha’s
5. Paradeisos and classical hunting parks
6. East of Eden: Chinese parks and the Sons of Heaven
7. Xanadu and the nomads
8. Flowers of the high medieval: how fallow deer came to Britain from the paradise gardens, the Arabic origins of ornamental landscape, and flirtation
9. Beautiful and tame: why we chose fallow
10. How the deer were hunted in the parks: coursing, and venery
11. Noli me tangere – le cerf privé in paradise
12. Parks in contention: Forest Law, park breaking and poaching
13. The parker’s duties: pales, salters and trenches, browse, grease and fence months
14. Ornament: antithesis of utility, bedfellow of status – Tudor parks and beyond
15. The Restoration and landscape: from ashes to avenues; purgatory to paradise
16. The Black Act: expulsion from Paradise – beyond the pale
17. Giving it away: venison as conspicuous consumption, a gift beyond price
18. Against the odds – carted stags and show hunts: British and German attitudes to containing deer for sport
19. Castles for deer: from hunting to husbandry
20. Mounting heads: trophies, monarchs and dictators
21. Ecological oases, urban lungs, and venison farms
Terminology of deer and trees

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